Many complex problems in engineering cannot be solved using traditional mathematical methods or are very difficult to solve. The biggest expectation from an engineer is to find a perfectly tailored solution for the maximum benefit of users. In general, the most challenging engineering problems are the optimization of a design. The number of design variables in civil engineering (especially structural engineering) is higher than in other engineering disciplines, and design constraints depend on many design variables. Therefore, the solutions to the problems are non-linear. There are more challenges for reinforced concrete structures. The necessity of using two different materials with different behavior and price in the cost optimization of these structures and ensuring ductile behavior is one of the obstacles to numerical optimization.

By using metaheuristic algorithms, a perfectly tailored design can be achieved by considering realistic factors, and these methods, which are artificial intelligence optimization algorithms, often make use of stochastic methods in solving engineering problems. We hope that this work will enable our strong Turkey to become even stronger on the 100th anniversary of our Republic and strengthen its pioneering and rule-making position in the world while being independent from the outside with innovative methods in science, technology and industry.

We are proud to take part in the '100 Books for the 100th Anniversary of the Republic' project created at Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa to crown the 100th anniversary of the establishment of our Republic, which was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as a result of the national struggle and sovereignty. Also, we thank all people taking part in this project.

We commemorate our Great Leader Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, our martyrs and veterans with respect and mercy.

Prof. Dr. Sinan Melih NİGDELİ
Prof. Dr. Gebrail BEKDAŞ
Asst. Prof. Aylin Ece KAYABEKİR